Копии брендовых сумок-定語是什麼意思

　　（二） 形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級

　　一．形容詞的修飾與位置

　　一般來說定語是什麼意思，從構詞法角度來看定語是什麼意思，後綴”ly”往往是副詞，但有的以“ly’結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點要注意定語是什麼意思；形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語，表語等成份，但有些形容詞在句子中隻能做表語和隻能做前置定語定語是什麼意思；這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下麵做了一下歸納定語是什麼意思：

　　1以-ly結尾的是形容詞而不是副詞：

　　costly昂貴的lonely孤獨的deadly死一般的lively活潑的friendly友好的silly傻氣的kindly熱心腸的likely可能的leisurely悠閑的ugly長得醜的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly塵世的

　　2隻作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞隻能做表語：

　　afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒著的alone單獨的，惟一的alive活著的ashamed羞愧的

　　asleep睡著的aware意識到的、察覺到的well健康的content滿意的unable無能的

　　3隻作前置定語的形容詞

　　earthen泥土做的，大地的daily每日的latter後麵的golden金子般的weekly每周的inner裏麵的

　　silken絲一般的monthly每月的outer外麵的wooden木製的yearly每年的elder年長的woolen毛織的former前任的mere僅，隻不過only惟一的sheer純粹的very恰好的little小的live活的

　　4．下列動詞既是實義動詞又是係動詞，注意用做係動詞時，要求形容詞做表語：

　　remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。

　　如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

　　二．形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級

　　1． 考比較級時，考生應把握：

　　1）形容詞和副詞比較級的形式是否和比較連詞對應出現，即是否符合原級比較及比較級的結構。如：

　　Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often , or better than an actual performance.

　　[A]as good as [B]as good [C]good [D]good as

　　在這裏as good as比較連詞與better than比較連詞同時出現時候，不能省略任何一個介詞。答案為A

　　On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

　　2)比較的成分是否屬於同類事物或同類概念，既是說比較要具有可比性。如：

　　The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .

　　[A] of last year’s [B]those of last year’s

　　[C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s

　　（前後相比的應該是今年和去年注冊參加的人數“the number of”故代替它的應該是單數指示代詞“that”，而不能選擇B，those是指代participants，不是同類對比，答案為D。

　　Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.

　　3)比較級與倍數詞關係及其位置

　　原級結構中可插入表達倍數的詞，表示為“為….若幹倍”,當與有表示倍數比較的詞在一起時候等，他們的位置是，倍數詞+as…as…,或倍數詞+more…than…，但again一般放在原級詞之後，即“as+原級＋again+as”.如：

　　Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.

　　[A] seven more times [B] seven times more

　　[C] over seven times [D] seven times

　　(答案為B)

　　“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”

　　[A] twice so much [B] twice as much

　　[C] as much twice [D] so much twice

　　(答案為B)

　　My uncle is as old again as I am

　　4）下列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念：

　　inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than.如：

　　Their watch is to all the other watches on the market.

　　[A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial

　　（答案為A）

　　Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. (1986年考研題)

　　5）“比較級＋and +比較級”或“more and more/less and less +原級”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副詞＋比較級”結構表示“越來越……”的意思，與這類結構搭配的常用動詞有grow, get ,become等。前麵兩種情況更多地出現在進行時態中，注意的是這三種情況引導的比較級後麵都不需要用than.如：

　　Things are getting worse and worse.

　　As I spoke to him he became less and less angry.

　　Her health was becoming daily worse

　　The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.

　　6)比較級前麵可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修飾語用以加強語氣，表示“更加”的意思。如

　　Today it is even colder than yesterday

　　I have yet more exciting news for you

　　7)有關比較級的特殊句型：

　　A): not so much…as…與其說……不如說……

　　The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

　　[A] and [B] as [C]but [D] or

　　人口增長的主要原因與其說是因為出生率的提高，還不如說是因為醫療的進步帶來的死亡率下降的結果。答案為B

　　B) no/not any more…than…兩者一樣都不……

　　The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

　　[A] not so [B]not much [C]much more [D] no more

　　（心髒和胃兩者都不具有智力，他們都受大腦控製。答案為D）

　　There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.

　　[A] much more than [B] no more than

　　[C] no less than [D] any more than

　　（答案為D）

　　C)no/not any less…than…兩者一樣,都……注意基本上與no/not any more…than意思相反

　　She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一樣漂亮

　　D)just as… so…正如……，……也……（用倒裝結構）

　　Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere.

　　[A] as it is [B] the same is [C] so is [D] and so is

　　（答案為C）

　　2．最高級形式應注意的問題：

　　1）最高級比較範圍用介詞in, over, of, among。

　　in, (all) over用於在某一範圍內的比較，如：in China, all over the world.

　　of, among用於在同一群體內同類事物的比較，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.

　　注意：among…相當於one of …,不說among all…。這一點考生應與漢語表達區別開來

　　如：

　　all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.

　　[A] Among [B] Of [C]For [D]To答案為[B]

　　2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時，比較對象的範圍應用：

　　any other +單數名詞

　　the other +複數名詞

　　the others

　　anyone/anything else

　　上述詞是用業將比較級結構轉變成最高級意義的關鍵詞語，切不可遺漏，尤其是other，否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯誤。如不能說：John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語表達的不同。

　　3）most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞，意思相當於very，用法區分單複數，但不能用定冠詞the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants， 要注意與“the +形容詞最高級＋of +名詞”的結構表示的最高級的區別，如：

　　He spoke in the warmest of voices

　　They have been most kind to me

　　Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.

　　Chinese is the most difficult of language

　　Chinese is a most difficult language

　　三．不用比較級和最高級的形容詞：

　　1）表示顏色的有：white, black

　　2）表示形態的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形)，level

　　3)表示性質和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy

　　4)表示狀態作表語的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike

　　5)表示時間、空間和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final

　　6)表示極限、主次、等級的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite

　　7)含有絕對概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.

　　四．平行結構與比較級

　　平行結構很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導的。如：

　　The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.

　　大多數情況下平行結構都是具有一定的比較含義的，有的是遞進對比not only…but (also) ;prefer…to…;rather than有的是同類對比：and ;but；or；both… and…；either…or…; neither…nor…..

　　平行結構測試時候注意以下幾點：

　　1．注意比較結構中相比較的內容在語法形式上是否相同。如：

　　It is better to die one’s feet than .

　　[A]living on one’s knees [B]live on one’s knees

　　[C]on one’s knees [D]to live on one’s knees

　　(答案為D)

　　Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.

　　2．其他具有並列或比較意義的短語也可引導平行結構。

　　1）rather than, let alone雖不是並列連詞，但在結構上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如：

　　We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style.

　　[A]rather than [B]other than [C]better than [D]less than

　　答案為A

　　For the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.

　　[A] to name a few [B]let alone [C]not to speak [D]let’s say

　　（答案為B）

　　2）如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語，而且介詞相同，一般說來第二個介詞不要省略。如：

　　At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.